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Duck-Under Syndrome
A pilot may be tempted to make it into an airport by descending below minimums during an approach. There may be a belief that there is a built-in margin of error in every approach procedure, or a pilot may want to admit that the landing cannot be completed and a missed approach must be initiated.
PAPIs
Precision approach path indicators light units similar to the VASI but are installed in a single row of either two or four light units.
Night Landing Illusions
Landing illusions occur in many forms. Above featureless terrain at night, there is a natural tendency to fly a lower-than-normal approach. Elements that cause any type of visual obscuration, such as rain, haze, or a dark runway environment also can cause low approaches.
ILS holding position sign
ATC may hold you at this sign when the instrument landing system is being used at the airport.
Maintain runway heading
Means that you should maintain the compass alignment of the departure runway, not track the extended runway centerline.
Weeping wing
Deicing systems pump fluid from a reservoir through a mesh screen embedded in the leading edges of the wings and tail. depend on airflow as well, and if the primary air intake ices, an alternate air door either opens automatically
Tail Stall
The horizontal stabilizer balances the tendency of the nose to pitch down by generating downward lift on the tail of the aircraft. When the tail stalls, this downward force is lessened or removed, and the nose of the airplane can severely pitch down.
TRSA
Terminal Radar Service Areas areas where participating pilots can receive additional radar services. The purpose of the service is to provide separation between all IFR operations and participating VFR aircraft.
Atmospheric Conditions
Haze, flight over open water, or an obscured horizon can make it difficult to see distant objects, impairing the ability to refocus vision.
Induction icing
This tops the charts as the number one cause of icing accidents, comprising a whopping 52 percent.
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Did You Know?